Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1851
Birthdays
- January 17 - A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
- January 19 - Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
- February 1 - Durham Stevens, American diplomat (d. 1908)
- February 2 - José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican artist (d. 1913)
- February 28 - Samuel W. McCall, 47th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1923)
- March 3 - Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author (d. 1911)
- March 15 - William Mitchell Ramsay, Scottish archaeologist (d. 1939)
- March 16 - Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (d. 1931)
- March 19 - William Henry Stark, American business leader (d. 1936)
- March 27 - Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
- March 28 - Bernardino Machado, Portuguese politician (d. 1944)
- April 6 - Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer (d. 1932)
- April 13 - Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
- April 20 - Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
- April 21 - Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
- April 25 - Leopoldo Alas y Ureña, a.k.a. "Clarín"
- May 1 - Laza Lazarević, Serbian writer and psychiatrist (d. 1891)
- May 18 - James Budd, Governor of California (d. 1908)
- May 20 - Emil Berliner, German-born recording pioneer (d. 1929)
- May 21 - Léon Bourgeois, French statesman
- June 8 - Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, French physicist (d. 1940)
- June 9 - Charles Joseph Bonaparte, French politician (d. 1921)
- June 19 - Billy Midwinter, Australian cricketer (d. 1890)
- July 3 - Charles Bannerman, Australian cricketer (d. 1930)
- July 7 - Charles Tindley, American gospel music composer (d. 1933)
- July 8 - Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (d. 1941)
- July 11 - Millie and Christine McCoy, Conjoined twins (d. 1912)
- July 15 - Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (d. 1889)
- July 23 - Charles Bannerman, Australian cricketer (d. 1930)
- July 24 - Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935)
- August 13 - Felix Adler, German-born educator (d. 1933)
- August 14 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and dentist (d. 1887)
- August 24 - Tom Kendall, Australian cricketer (d. 1924)
- September 3 - Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, Queen of Greece (d. 1926)
- September 4 - John Dillon, Irish nationalist (d. 1927)
- September 7 - Edward Ashael Birge, American pioneer in limnology (d. 1950)
- September 13 - Walter Reed, American physician and biologist (d. 1902)
- September 20 - Henry Arthur Jones, English writer (d. 1929)
- October 2 - Ferdinand Foch, French soldier (d. 1929)
- October 19 - Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
- October 21 - George Ulyett, English cricketer (d. 1898)
- October 31 - Lovisa of Sweden, queen of Denmark (d. 1926)
- November 5 - Charles Dupuy, French prime minister (d. 1923)
- November 6 - Charles Dow, American journalist and economist (d.1902)
- November 7 - Chris von der Ahe, German born entrepreneur (d. 1913)
- November 20 - Queen Margherita of Italy, (d. 1926)
- December 10 - Melvil Dewey, American librarian
- December 18 - Graciano Lopez Jaena, Filipino orator and satirist (d. 1896)
- December 21 - Thomas Chipman McRae, American politician
- December 30 - Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman and politician (d. 1929)
Deaths
- January 10 - Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (b. 1775)
- January 19 - Esteban Echeverría, Argentine writer (b. 1805)
- January 21 - Albert Lortzing, German composer (b. 1801)
- January 27 - John James Audubon, French-born naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1789)
- February 1 - Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)
- February 18 - Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
- March 4 - James Richardson, British explorer (b. 1809)
- March 9 - Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist (b. 1777)
- March 11 - George McDuffie, Governor of South Carolina (b. 1790)
- May 22 - Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer
- July 10 - Louis-Jacques Daguerre, French inventor and photographer (b. 1787)
- August 1 - William Joseph Behr, German writer (b. 1775)
- August 11 - Lorenz Oken, German naturalist (b. 1779)
- September 10 - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)
- September 11 - Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist (b. 1794)
- September 14 - James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
- October 4 - Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (b. 1767)
- October 19 - Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, (b. 1778)
- November 26 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal (b. 1769)
Events
- March 11 - The first performance of Rigoletto, written by Verdi.
- March 27 - First reported case of Europeans seeing Yosemite Valley.
- May 1 - The Great Exhibition opens in London by Queen Victoria.
- May 15 - Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.
- May 21 - Slavery is abolished in Colombia, South America.
- June 5 - Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom's Cabin or, Life Among the Lowly starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.
- July 29 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
- August 12 - Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine.
- August 22 - The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
- September 15 - Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- September 18 - First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which would become The New York Times.
- September 22 - The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines.
- October 2 - The pasilalinic-sympathetic compass is demonstrated but proves to be a fake.
- October 18 - Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.
- November 9 - Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.
- November 13 - The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what would become Seattle, Washington.
- December 2 - Newly-elected French President Charles Louis Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.
- December 9 - The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
- December 22 - The first freight train is operated in Roorkee, India.
- December 24 - Library of Congress burns.
- December 29 - The first American YMCA opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
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