Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1875
Birthdays
- January 7 - Gustav Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1945)
- January 7 - Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1963)
- January 9 - Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American socialite (d. 1942)
- January 11 - Reinhold Gličre, Russian composer (d. 1956)
- January 14 - Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician
- January 15 - Tom Burke, American runner (d. 1929)
- January 16 - Leonor Michaelis, German enzyme kinetic theorist (d. 1947)
- January 17 - Florencio Sánchez, Uruguayan dramatist (d. 1910)
- January 22 - D. W. Griffith, American film director (d. 1948)
- February 2 - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (d. 1962)
- February 4 - Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (d. 1953)
- February 6 - Leonid Gobyato, Russian general (d. 1915)
- February 21 - Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian and longest-lived human on record (d. 1997)
- March 4 - Mihály Károlyi, former Prime Minister of Hungary and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
- March 7 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
- March 26 - Max Abraham, German physicist (d. 1922)
- March 26 - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (d. 1965)
- April 1 - Edgar Wallace, English writer (d. 1932)
- April 2 - Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
- April 4 - Pierre Monteux, French conductor (d. 1964)
- April 5 - Mistinguett, French vaudeville performer (d. 1956)
- April 8 - King Albert I of Belgium, (d. 1934)
- April 13 - Ray Lyman Wilbur, U.S. university president and politician (d. 1949)
- April 15 - James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (d. 1953)
- April 18 - Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic, Croatian writer (d. 1938)
- April 29 - Rafael Sabatini, Italian/British writer (d. 1950)
- May 11 - Harriet Quimby, American aviator (d. 1912)
- May 23 - Alfred P. Sloan, American long-time president and chairman of General Motors (d. 1966)
- May 30 - Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher (d. 1944)
- June 6 - Thomas Mann, German writer
- June 9 - Henry Hallett Dale, English scientist
- June 12 - Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953)
- June 15 - Herman Smith-Johannsen, cross-country skier (d. 1987)
- June 28 - Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941)
- July 3 - Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951)
- July 10 - Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
- July 26 - Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961)
- July 26 - Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939)
- August 2 - Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian artist (d. 1957)
- August 8 - Artur da Silva Bernardes, President of Brazil (d. 1955)
- August 9 - Albert Ketčlbey, English pianist
- August 15 - Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer (d. 1912)
- August 19 - Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer (d. 1936)
- August 23 - William Eccles, English radio pioneer (d. 1966)
- August 23 - Eugene Lanceray, Russian artist (d. 1946)
- August 26 - John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir
- August 27 - Katharine McCormick, American women's rights activist (d. 1967)
- September 1 - Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950)
- September 3 - Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
- September 12 - Matsunosuke Onoe, Japanese actor (d. 1926)
- September 16 - James C. Penney, American department store founder (d. 1971)
- September 18 - Tomas Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d.1945)
- September 22 - Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911)
- September 26 - Edmund Gwenn, Welsh actor (d. 1959)
- October 12 - Aleister Crowley, English occultist and author (d. 1947)
- October 23 - Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
- October 24 - Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter (d. 1958)
- October 28 - Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, American geographer and editor (d. 1966)
- October 29 - Marie of Edinburgh, queen of Romania (d. 1938)
- October 31 - Eugene Meyer, American businessman and newspaper publisher (d. 1954)
- October 31 - Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian freedom fighter and statesman (d. 1950)
- November 7 - Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946)
- November 14 - Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (d. 1899)
- November 14 - Jakob Schaffner, Swiss novelist (d. 1944)
- November 19 - Mikhail I. Kalinin, President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (d. 1946)
- November 23 - Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian literary critic and politician (d. 1933)
- December 3 - Max Meldrum, Scottish-born Australian painter (d. 1955)
- December 4 - Joe Corbett, American baseball player (d. 1945)
- December 4 - Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet (d. 1926)
- December 5 - Sir Arthur Currie, Canadian soldier (d. 1933)
- December 6 - Evelyn Underhill, British poet (d. 1941)
- December 12 - Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953)
- December 15 - Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (d. 1899)
- December 25 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Austrian archbishop (d. 1955)
Deaths
- January 3 - Pierre Larousse, French editor (b. 1817)
- January 20 - Jean-François Millet, French painter (b. 1814)
- January 23 - Charles Kingsley English writer, (b. 1819)
- February 22 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter (b. 1796)
- February 22 - Sir Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist (b. 1797)
- March 1 - Tristan Corbičre, French poet (b. 1845)
- March 17 - Ferdinand Laub, Czech violinist (b. 1832)
- March 27 - Edgar Quinet, French historian (b. 1803)
- April 30 - Jean Frederic Waldeck, French explorer
- May 17 - John C. Breckinridge, Vice President of the United States (b. 1821)
- June 2 - Józef Kremer, Polish messianistic philosopher (b. 1806)
- June 3 - Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838)
- June 4 - Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)
- June 9 - Gérard Paul Deshayes, French geologist (b. 1795)
- June 25 - Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
- June 29 - Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, (b. 1793)
- July 23 - Isaac Singer, American inventor and entrepreneur (b. 1811)
- July 30 - George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
- July 31 - Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
- August 4 - Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805)
- August 10 - Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808)
- August 17 - Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (b. 1827)
- August 27 - William Chapman Ralston, American banker (b. 1826)
- October 10 - Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian novelist
- October 12 - Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (b. 1827)
- October 24 - Raffaello Carboni, Italian writer (b. 1817)
- November 22 - Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)
- December 25 - Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1851)
Events
- January 12 - Kwang-su becomes emperor of China.
- February 24 - The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.
- March 3 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen premieres at the Opéra Comique of Paris.
- March 3 - The first ever organized indoor game of ice hockey is played in Montreal, Canada as recorded in The Montreal Gazette.
- May 1 - Alexandra Palace reopens after the 1873 fire burnt it down.
- May 17 - Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby.
- June 19 - The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins.
- August 22 - The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
- August 24 - Captain Matthew Webb became first person to swim English Channel
- September 1 - A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
- October 16 - Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
- October 22 - First telegraphic connection in Argentina.
- December 4 - Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Cuba, then Spain.
- December 9 - Massachusetts Rifle Association "America's Oldest Active Gun Club" is founded.
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