Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1881
Birthdays
- January 1 - Vajiravudh, King of Thailand (d. 1925)
- January 4 - Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (d. 1919)
- January 8 - Henrik Shipstead, American politician (d. 1960)
- January 9 - Lascelles Abercrombie, British poet and critic (d. 1938)
- January 9 - Edouard Beaupré, horse lifter (d. 1904)
- January 9 - Giovanni Papini, Italian writer (d. 1956)
- January 13 - Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist (d. 1961)
- January 17 - Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician (d. 1941)
- January 18 - Gaston Gallimard, French publisher (d. 1975)
- January 31 - Irving Langmuir, American chemist
- January 31 - Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)
- February 2 - Orval Overall, American baseball player (d. 1947)
- February 4 - Fernand Léger, French painter (d. 1955)
- February 12 - Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)
- February 13 - Eleanor Farjeon, English author (d. 1965)
- February 22 - Joseph B. Ely, American politician (d. 1956)
- March 4 - Todor Aleksandrov, 19th century Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1924)
- March 4 - Maude Fealy, American actor (d. 1971)
- March 4 - Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American writer (d. 1965)
- March 4 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (d. 1948)
- March 10 - Thomas Quinlan, (impresario)
- March 12 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, first President of Turkey (d. 1938)
- March 12 - Gunnar Nordström, Finnish physicist (d. 1923)
- March 17 - Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist
- March 23 - Roger Martin du Gard, French writer
- March 23 - Hermann Staudinger, German chemist
- March 25 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
- March 25 - Mary Gladys Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
- April 3 - Alcide De Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1954)
- April 22 - Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
- May 1 - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French palaeontologist and philosopher (d. 1955)
- May 2 - Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
- May 11 - Al Cabrera, Spanish-born Cuban baseball player (d. 1964)
- May 11 - Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian physicist (d. 1963)
- May 14 - G. Murray Hulbert, American politician (d. 1950)
- May 14 - Ed Walsh, American baseball player (d. 1959)
- May 19 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of Turkey (d. 1938)
- May 30 - Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (d. 1968)
- June 1 - Charles Kay Ogden, English writer and linguist (d. 1957)
- June 3 - Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter (d. 1964)
- June 4 - Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (d. 1962)
- June 17 - Tommy Burns, Canadian boxer (d. 1955)
- June 29 - Harry Frazee, American baseball team owner (d. 1929)
- June 29 - Curt Sachs, German musicologist (d. 1959)
- July 2 - Royal H. Weller, American politician (d. 1929)
- July 4 - Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier (d. 1968)
- July 18 - Larry McLean, baseball player (d. 1921)
- July 27 - Hans Fischer, German chemist
- July 30 - Smedley Butler, American Marine general (d. 1940)
- August 1 - Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician (d. 1940)
- August 6 - Leo Carrillo, American actor (d. 1961)
- August 6 - Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist
- August 6 - Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (d. 1972)
- August 8 - Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (d. 1960)
- August 8 - Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (d. 1954)
- August 12 - Cecil B. DeMille, American director (d. 1959)
- August 14 - Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953)
- August 15 - Alfred Wagenknecht, German-born American activist (d. 1956)
- August 19 - George Enescu, Romanian composer (d. 1955)
- August 20 - Edgar Guest, English poet (d. 1959)
- September 5 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (d. 1938)
- September 8 - Harry Hillman, American athlete (d. 1945)
- September 15 - Ettore Bugatti, Italian automobile engineer and designer (d. 1947)
- September 16 - Clive Bell, English art critic (d. 1964)
- September 17 - Alfred Francis Blakeney Carpenter, English soldier (d. 1955)
- September 25 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (d. 1936)
- September 26 - Hiram Wesley Evans, American member of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1966)
- September 28 - Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (d. 1950)
- September 29 - Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist (d. 1973)
- October 1 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
- October 4 - Walther von Brauchitsch, German Commander-in-Chief (d. 1948)
- October 7 - Mikhail Drozdovsky, Russian general (d. 1918)
- October 11 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist (d. 1973)
- October 15 - P. G. Wodehouse, British novelist (d. 1975)
- October 22 - Clinton Davisson, American physicist
- October 25 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
- October 28 - Bruno Söderström, Swedish athlete (d. 1969)
- October 28 - Vin Coutie, Australian footballer
- October 30 - Elizabeth Madox Roberts, American poet and author (d. 1941)
- November 1 - Edward Van Sloan, American actor (d. 1964)
- November 5 - George A. Malcolm, American jurist & educator (d. 1961)
- November 12 - Olev Siinmaa, Estonian architect (d. 1948)
- November 12 - Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (d. 1954)
- November 15 - Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960)
- November 24 - Al Christie, Canadian-born film director and producer (d. 1951)
- November 25 - Pope John XXIII, (d. 1963)
- November 28 - Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (d. 1942)
- November 29 - Julius Raab, Austrian politician (d. 1964)
- December 4 - Erwin von Witzleben, German field marshal (d. 1944)
- December 14 - Katherine MacDonald, American actress and film producer (d. 1956)
- December 20 - Branch Rickey, baseball executive (d. 1965)
- December 24 - Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spanish writer
- December 29 - Jess Willard, American boxer (d. 1968)
- December 31 - Max Pechstein, German painter (d. 1955)
Deaths
- January 1 - Louis Auguste Blanqui, French political activist (b. 1805)
- January 21 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1802)
- January 25 - Konstantin Thon, Russian architect (b. 1794)
- February 5 - Thomas Carlyle, Scottish writer and historian (b. 1795)
- February 9 - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (b. 1821)
- February 14 - Fernando Wood, New York City mayor (b. 1812)
- March 6 - Horatia Nelson, the illegitimate daughter of Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson (b. 1801)
- March 13 - Tsar Alexander II of Russia, (b. 1818)
- March 21 - Samuel Courtauld, American-born textile magnate (b. 1793)
- March 24 - Joseph Delesse, French geologist (b. 1817)
- March 26 - Roman Sanguszko, Polish aristocrat (b. 1800)
- March 28 - Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (b. 1839)
- April 19 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
- April 26 - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen, German general (b. 1815)
- May 24 - Samuel Palmer, English artist (b. 1805)
- May 26 - Jakob Bernays, German philologist (b. 1824)
- June 2 - Émile Littré, French lexicographer (b. 1801)
- June 6 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (b. 1820)
- June 13 - Josef Skoda, Czech physician (b. 1805)
- June 16 - Marie Laveau, American Voodoo practitioner (b. 1801)
- June 16 - Sir Josiah Mason, English manufacturer (b. 1795)
- June 28 - Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman (b. 1798)
- July 4 - Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (b. 1806)
- July 10 - Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (b. 1812)
- July 14 - Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859?)
- July 17 - Jim Bridger, American mountain man
- August 6 - James White, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (b. 1821)
- September 7 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (b. 1842)
- September 13 - Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
- September 19 - James Garfield, 20th President of the United States (b. 1831)
- September 22 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)
- October 3 - Orson Pratt, American religious leader (b. 1811)
- November 7 - John MacHale, Irish Archbishop (Tuam) and writer (b. 1791)
- November 9 - Edwin Drake, Father of the oil industry
- November 21 - Ami Boué, Austrian geologist (b. 1794)
- November 25 - Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (b. 1794)
- December 13 - August Senoa, Croatian writer (b. 1838)
Events
- January 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.
- February 13 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.
- February 19 - Kansas becomes the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
- February 24 - China and Russia sign the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty.
- March 12 - Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.
- March 13 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. (Gregorian date: it was March 1 in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia.)
- March 26 - Thessaly is freed and becomes part of Greece again.
- March 27 - Rioting takes place in Basingstoke in protest against the daily vociferous promotion of rigid Temperance by the Salvation Army.
- April 14 - The Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight erupts in El Paso, Texas.
- April 16 - In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.
- April 18 - Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.
- May 12 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
- May 21 - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.
- May 24 - Turkey cedes Thessaly and Arta back to Greece.
- June 13 - The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
- June 28 - Secret treaty between Austria and Serbia.
- July 1 - The world's first international telephone call takes place between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
- July 1 - General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, comes into effect.
- July 2 - Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James Garfield, who eventually dies from infection on September 19.
- July 4 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
- July 14 - Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
- July 20 - Indian Wars:Sioux Chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford, North Dakota
- July 23 - The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, the world's oldest international sport federation, is founded.
- September 20 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States following the assassination of James Garfield.
- October 13 - Revival of the Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.
- October 26 - The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place at Tombstone, Arizona.
- October 29 - Judge (U.S. magazine) is first published.
- November 19 - A meteorite lands near the village of Großliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine.
- December 4 - The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published.
|
|
|
|
