Famous birthdays, deaths and events of 1883
Birthdays
- January 3 - Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967)
- January 4 - Max Eastman, American writer (d. 1969)
- January 6 - Khalil Gibran, Lebanese writer (d. 1931)
- January 8 - Pavel Filonov, Russian painter (d. 1941)
- January 8 - Patrick J. Hurley, United States Secretary of War (d. 1963)
- January 10 - Francis X. Bushman, American actor (d. 1966)
- January 10 - Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Russian writer (d. 1945)
- January 14 - Nina Ricci, Italian-born French fashion designer (d. 1970)
- January 17 - Sir Compton Mackenzie, Scottish novelist (d. 1972)
- January 21 - Amang Rodriguez, Filipino politician (d. 1964)
- January 21 - Olav Aukrust, Norwegian poet (d. 1929)
- February 8 - Joseph Alois Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950)
- February 15 - Sax Rohmer, English author (d. 1959)
- February 16 - Elizabeth Craig, British writer (d. 1980)
- February 18 - Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek author (d. 1957)
- February 22 - Marguerite Clark, American actress (d. 1940)
- February 23 - Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969)
- February 25 - Princess Alice of Albany, Countess of Athlone (d. 1981)
- March 3 - Cyril Burt, educational psychologist (d. 1971)
- March 4 - Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956)
- March 5 - Marius Barbeau, French Canadian ethnographer and folklorist (b. 1969)
- March 12 - Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian Nazi (d. 1959)
- March 13 - Enrico Toselli, Italian (Florentine) composer and pianist(d. 1926)
- March 16 - Ethel Anderson, Australian poet (d. 1958)
- March 17 - Urmuz, Romanian writer (d. 1923)
- March 19 - Walter Haworth, British chemist
- March 19 - Joseph Stilwell, U.S. general (d. 1946)
- March 27 - Marie Under, Estonian author and poet (d. 1980)
- April 1 - Lon Chaney, Sr.
- April 7 - Gino Severini, Italian painter (d. 1966)
- April 8 - R. P. Keigwin, English academic (d. 1972)
- April 12 - Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league footballer (d. 1959)
- April 15 - Stanley Bruce, eighth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
- April 19 - Richard von Mises, Austrian-born mathematician (d. 1953)
- April 30 - Jaroslav Hašek, Czech novelist (d. 1923)
- May 5 - Archibald Wavell, British general (d. 1950)
- May 9 - José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher (d. 1955)
- May 13 - Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek doctor
- May 18 - Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (d. 1974)
- May 18 - Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969)
- May 20 - King Faisal I of Iraq, (d. 1933)
- May 23 - Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (d. 1939)
- May 26 - Mamie Smith, American singer (d. 1946)
- May 28 - Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Indian activist (d. 1966)
- May 28 - Clough Williams-Ellis, Welsh architect (d. 1978)
- May 31 - Lauri Kristian Relander, 2nd President of Finland (d. 1942)
- June 5 - John Maynard Keynes, English economist (d. 1946)
- June 7 - Sylvanus Morley, U.S. archaeologist and spy (d. 1948)
- June 21 - Fyodor Gladkov, Russian writer (d. 1958)
- June 24 - Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born physicist
- June 28 - Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)
- July 1 - Arthur Borton, English soldier (d. 1933)
- July 3 - Franz Kafka, Czech writer (d. 1924)
- July 4 - Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)
- July 10 - Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
- July 16 - Charles Sheeler, American photographer and artist (d. 1965)
- July 19 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
- July 25 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947)
- July 29 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and writer (d. 1942)
- July 29 - Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator (d. 1945)
- July 31 - Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965)
- August 12 - Pauline Frederick, American actress (d. 1938)
- August 15 - Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor (d. 1962)
- August 19 - José Mendes Cabeçadas, 95th Prime Minister of Portugal and 9th President of Portugal (d. 1965)
- August 19 - Coco Chanel, French clothing designer (d. 1971)
- August 19 - Elsie Ferguson, American film actress (d. 1961)
- August 23 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV, U.S. general (d. 1953)
- September 1 - Didier Pitre, French Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1934)
- September 2 - Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, "The Red Archduchess" (d. 1963)
- September 15 - Esteban Terradas i Illa, Spanish mathematician and engineer (d. 1950)
- September 16 - T. E. Hulme, English writer (d. 1917)
- September 17 - William Carlos Williams, American writer (d. 1963)
- September 18 - Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, British composer (d. 1950)
- September 30 - Bernhard Rust, Nazi education minister (d. 1945)
- October 8 - Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician
- October 8 - Dick Burnett, American musician (d. 1977)
- October 16 - Vasiliki Maliaros, Greek actress (d. 1973)
- October 26 - Napoleon Hill, American Writer and Philosopher (Think and Grow Rich)(d. 1970)
- October 26 - Paul Pilgrim, American athlete (d. 1958)
- October 31 - Marie Laurencin, French painter (d. 1956)
- November 2 - Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve, cardinal and archbishop of Quebec (d. 1947)
- November 4 - Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general (d. 1953)
- November 8 - Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
- November 9 - Edna May Oliver, American actress (d. 1942)
- November 11 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
- November 18 - Carl Vinson, U.S. Congressman (d. 1981)
- November 19 - Ned Sparks, Canadian actor (d. 1957)
- November 23 - José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (d. 1949)
- November 25 - Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic (d. 1939)
- November 25 - Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968)
- December 3 - Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945)
- December 4 - Katharine Susannah Prichard, Australian author (d. 1969)
- December 9 - Nikolai Luzin, Russian mathematician (d. 1950)
- December 11 - Victor McLaglen, English-born American actor (d. 1959)
- December 13 - Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian
- December 16 - Max Linder, French pioneer of silent film (d. 1925)
- December 17 - Raimu, French actor (d. 1946)
- December 22 - Edgard Varèse French-born composer, (d. 1965)
- December 26 - Maurice Utrillo, French artist (d. 1955)
- December 27 - Cyrus S. Eaton, Canadian-American financier
- December 30 - Lester Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1960)
Deaths
- January 4 - Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy, French general (b. 1823)
- January 5 - Charles Tompson, first Australian published poet (b. 1806)
- January 10 - Dr Samuel A. Mudd, American medical doctor (b. 1833)
- January 23 - Gustave Doré, French artist
- January 24 - Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812)
- February 13 - Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
- February 17 - Napoleon Coste, French guitarist and composer (b. 1806)
- February 17 - Vasudeo Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (b. 1845)
- February 26 - Alexandros Koumoundouros, Greek politician
- March 4 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
- March 14 - Karl Marx, German philosopher and political theorist (b. 1818)
- April 4 - Peter Cooper, American industrialist
- April 6 - Benjamin Wright Raymond, American politician (b. 1801)
- April 30 - Édouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832)
- May 24 - Abdel Kadir, Algerian leader (b. 1808)
- May 26 - Abd al-Qadir, Algerian political and military leader (b. 1808)
- May 26 - Edward Sabine, Irish astronomer (b. 1788)
- June 14 - Edward FitzGerald, English poet (b. 1809)
- July 27 - Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813)
- August 19 - Jeremiah S. Black, American statesman (b. 1810)
- September 3 - Ivan Turgenev, Russian author (b. 1818)
- September 15 - Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (b. 1801)
- October 22 - Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (b. 1818)
- October 30 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)
- October 31 - Swami Dayananda Saraswati, founder of Arya Samaj (b. 1824)
- November 19 - William Siemens, German engineer (b. 1823)
- November 26 - Sojourner Truth, American abolitionist (b. 1797)
- December 13 - Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812)
Events
- January 16 - The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is passed.
- January 19 - The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.
- February 23 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
- February 28 - The first vaudeville theater opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
- March 20 - The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed.
- May 20 - Krakatoa begins to erupt. The volcano's final and most notable explosion occurs on August 26.
- May 24 - The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic after 14 years of construction.
- May 27 - Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia.
- May 30 - In New York City, a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge is going to collapse causes a stampede that crushes twelve people.
- June 16 - The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England kills 183 children
- August 12 - The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam.
- August 17 - The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional.
- August 27 - Krakatoa, an Indonesian volcano, enters the final stage of its eruption. Four enormous explosions followed by a pyroclastic flow killed about 1,000 people. Its final shock waves traveled around the Earth as many as seven times and tsunamis over 30 metres (320 sq ft) high killed an estimated 36,000 people worldwide. The final explosion is the loudest sound in recorded history, measured at 180 dBSPL 160 kilometres (0.062 sq mi) away.
- September 15 - The Bombay Natural History Society is founded in Bombay (now Mumbai), India.
- October 4 - First run of the Orient Express.
- October 4 - First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.
- October 20 - Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.
- October 22 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust (opera).
- November 3 - American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture.
- November 18 - American and Canadian railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
- December 21 - The first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army are formed: The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment.
- December 26 - The Harbour Grace Affray between Irish Catholics and Protestant Orangemen causes five deaths in Newfoundland.
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